Survey examines diaspora awareness and public diplomacy engagement in Turkish associations, indicating significant variations based on education and occupation.
Drawing on a structured survey of 260 association members and volunteers, open-ended survey responses, and 58 semi-structured interviews with senior representatives of Turkish associations in Duisburg and Essen, this study examines diaspora awareness and the reception of homeland public diplomacy among Turkish associations in Germany. The results show that familiarity with the concept of diaspora and engagement with YTB vary by occupation, education, and organizational embeddedness. The concept remains politically sensitive because of its association with the Armenian diaspora. The study argues that homeland public diplomacy is mediated primarily through associational networks rather than migration experience or household language practices.
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Alptekin et al. (2026) studied this question.
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