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A reconfigurable beam-steering patch antenna with a U-slot is presented for wrist-wearable applications. The proposed antenna was manufactured on a fabric substrate and was designed to steer the beam directions at an operation frequency of 6 GHz. In order to implement the beam-steering capability, the antenna used two PIN diodes. The maximum beam directions of three states (S 0, S 1, and S 2) were steerable in the YZ-plane (=3°, 35°, and 324°, respectively). The measured peak gains were 6.1–7.7 dBi and the overall half-power beamwidth was 108°. In addition, the simulated specific absorption rate (SAR) values of the antenna on the wrist were less than 0.992 W/kg in all states, satisfying the SAR criteria of the USA and the EU.
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Kim et al. (2012) studied this question.
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