Renin–angiotensin system inhibitor use and colorectal cancer risk and mortality: A dose–response meta analysis

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Flow diagram of the study selection process.

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  Figure 2.. Forest plot showing the pooled effects of renin–angiotensin system use on the risk of colorectal cancer. Solid diamonds and horizontal lines represent RRs (95% CIs) for the outcome of interest. Solid circles and horizontal lines represent RRs (95% CIs); the gray boxes reflect the statistical weight of the study. The dotted vertical line denotes the point estimate for the pooled RRs and the solid vertical line indicates the line of no effect. The open diamond represents the pooled RR with its 95% CI. RR: relative risk; CI: confidence interval; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker.

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  Figure 3.. Forest plot showing the pooled effects of renin–angiotensin system use on colorectal cancer mortality. Solid diamonds and horizontal lines represent RRs (95% CIs) for the outcome of interest. Solid circles and horizontal lines represent RRs (95% CIs); the gray boxes reflect the statistical weight of the study. The dotted vertical line denotes the point estimate for the pooled RRs and the solid vertical line indicates the line of no effect. The open diamond represents the pooled RR with its 95% CI. RR: relative risk; CI: confidence interval; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.

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  Figure 4.. Dose–response analysis between renin–angiotensin system use and colorectal cancer risk. The solid line represents point estimates of the association of antidepressant use and colorectal cancer risk with the use of a restricted cubic splines model, and the dashed lines indicate 95% confidence intervals; lbwithref: predicted lowest rr values; ubwithref: predicted highest rr values; rrwithref: predicted rr values; rr_lin: best fitting values of rr.

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  Figure 5.. A funnel plot for the meta-analysis between renin–angiotensin system use and colorectal cancer risk. SE: standard error; a: log(rr).

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  Figure 6.. The association between renin–angiotensin system inhibitor use and colorectal cancer risk based on the type of study (a), the year of publication (b), different drugs (c) and the number of participants (d), using meta regression. SMD: standardized mean difference.