Key result
In a 2017 cross-sectional survey in Zhejiang Province, China, the weighted prevalence of hypertension was 30.41%, and the mean estimated salt intake was 9.68 g/day, indicating a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors.
Why the study?
Hypertension has become a major public health problem in China, warranting data on hypertension and sodium intake to develop salt reduction interventions and hypertension prevention strategies.
Cross-Sectional (n=7,512)
Yes
Hypertension and excessive sodium intake are highly prevalent among adults in Zhejiang Province, China, with low rates of awareness, treatment, and control, highlighting the need for urgent public health interventions.
May inform regional prevention planning; leaves open causal effects of salt reduction on hypertension in prospective studies.
BACKGROUND: In recent decades, hypertension has become a popular public health problem in China. In 2017, a cross-sectional survey about hypertension and sodium intake measured by 24-hour (24-h) urine was launched in Zhejiang Province, to provide the basis of the Chinese population to develop a salt reduction intervention and prevention of hypertension strategy. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 7512 participants aged 18 to 69 years in Zhejiang Province of China by complex, multistage sampling methods. The survey included face-to-face questionnaires and physical examination among all participants. Blood pressures and the use of anti-hypertension medications were used to determine hypertension. One thousand five hundred participants of them were asked to collect 24-h urine to measure sodium and potassium levels to assess intake. All rates and means were weighted by sampling weight and population structure of the province. RESULTS: The weighted means of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 127.78 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 127.21-128.36) and 79.40 mm Hg (95%CI, 79.04-79.76). The weighted hypertension prevalence was 30.41% (95%CI, 28.91-31.91). Among those classified as having hypertension, 43.55% (95%CI, 40.77-46.34) were aware of the fact that they were suffering from hypertension, 32.05% (95%CI, 29.49-34.61) of them reported taking anti-hypertension medications, only 14.48% (95%CI, 12.54-16.42) had their blood pressure controlled. The weighted means of 24-h urinary sodium was 165.52 mmol (standard deviation [SD], 2.92), representing that the mean intake of sodium chloride was 9.68g (SD, 0.17) through conversion. CONCLUSION: These cross-sectional survey results show that hypertension and excessive sodium intake in adults are prevalent in Zhejiang Province, China. Salt reduction and prevention of hypertension is still an urgent public health work.
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Du et al. (2019) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=7,512). Dietary sodium intake and hypertension was evaluated on Weighted prevalence of hypertension (95% CI 28.91-31.91). In a 2017 cross-sectional survey in Zhejiang Province, China, the weighted prevalence of hypertension was 30.41%, and the mean estimated salt intake was 9.68 g/day, indicating a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors.
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