Key result
The Sun_C method estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from spot urine with a mean bias of 1.1 mmol/d, showing no significant difference from measured values (P=0.689).
Why the study?
High salt intake is a known risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease, prompting the need to develop and evaluate a method for predicting 24-hour urinary sodium excretion using casual urine specimens in Chinese hypertensive patients.
Does the Sun_C method accurately predict 24-hour urinary sodium excretion compared to existing methods in Chinese hypertensive patients?
Observational (n=966)
Yes
Does the Sun_C method accurately predict 24-hour urinary sodium excretion compared to existing methods in Chinese hypertensive patients?
The Sun_C method provides a reasonable and accurate estimation of daily dietary sodium intake using spot urine measurements in Chinese hypertensive patients.
Should not yet change practice for sodium assessment; supports further validation of Sun_C in larger studies.
BACKGROUND: High salt intake is a known risk factor of hypertension, which in turn increases the risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a method for predicting 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (UNa24h) using casual urine specimens in Chinese hypertensive patients. METHODS: A total of 966 patients with hypertension were included from 8 provinces across China. A UNa24h prediction model (Sun_C method) was developed for males and females using linear regression based on age, weight, sodium concentration in the spot urine (UNaspot), and creatinine concentration in the spot urine (UCrspot). The data were split into the training (70%) and testing (30%) sets to, respectively, develop and evaluate the Sun_C method. RESULTS: Compared with the Kawasaki, INTERSALT, and Tanaka methods, Sun_C method achieved a low and consistent mean bias (1.1 mmol/d) within the range from 106 to 212 mmol/d of UNa24h (equivalent to NaCl intake of 6-12 g/d). In addition, the Sun_C method showed no significant difference between the measured and estimated UNa24h in a paired t-test (P = 0.689). At individual level, Sun_C method had 79.8% of individuals at the cutoff under ±30% level. CONCLUSIONS: Sun_C method may prove a reasonable method to estimate the daily dietary sodium intakes (particularly in the range of 6-12 g/d of NaCl) in Chinese hypertensive patients using spot urine measurements. As the amount of data increases in the future, the performance of our formulae will be further improved.
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Sun et al. (2021) conducted an observational in Hypertension (n=966). Sun_C method vs. Kawasaki, INTERSALT, and Tanaka methods was evaluated on Mean bias of estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (mean bias 1.1 mmol/d, p=0.689). The Sun_C method estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from spot urine with a mean bias of 1.1 mmol/d, showing no significant difference from measured values (P=0.689).
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