Key result
Controlled breathing at 6 breaths per minute increased heart rate and blood pressure variability compared to spontaneous respiration, but did not improve reproducibility of autonomic parameters.
Why the study?
Does controlled patterned breathing improve the reproducibility of cardiovascular autonomic parameters compared to spontaneous breathing in healthy volunteers?
Does controlled patterned breathing improve the reproducibility of cardiovascular autonomic parameters compared to spontaneous breathing in healthy volunteers?
Controlled breathing does not consistently improve the reproducibility of cardiovascular autonomic parameters compared to spontaneous breathing in healthy volunteers.
Controlled breathing at 6 bpm does not improve autonomic reproducibility; leaves open optimal protocols for future validation studies.
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of breathing pattern on the reproducibility of the most commonly used heart rate and blood pressure variability parameters and baroreflex indices. 5-5 min ECG and blood pressure recordings were made and repeated for 10 healthy volunteers in supine rest on 10 consecutive days during spontaneous and 6 min(-1) patterned breathing. We investigated the following parameters: mean RR interval (RRI); the standard deviation of RR intervals (SDRR); the root mean square of successive differences in RRI (RMSSD); the percentage of RRIs which differed by 50% from the proceeding RRI (PNN50); mean systolic arterial pressure (SAP); the standard deviation of SAP (SAP SD); mean mean arterial pressure (MAP); mean diastolic blood pressure (DAP) and baroreflex indices from spontaneous sequence method (upBRS and downBRS) and from cross spectral analysis (LF alpha, HF alpha). To assess reproducibility for each parameter within- and between-subject variability values were calculated and the ratio of within- and between-subject variability was assessed. In addition, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Compared to spontaneous respiration during 6 min(-1) patterned breathing the heart rate and blood pressure variability increased; upBRS, LF alpha and HF alpha increased, downBRS did not change. However, ICC showed good reproducibility for most parameters, which did not improve further with controlled breathing. In conclusion, respiration had a strong influence on the most widely used cardiovascular autonomic parameters. The controlling of breathing did not result in consistent improvement in their reproducibility.
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Zöllei et al. (2007) studied Healthy (n=10). 6 min(-1) patterned breathing vs. Spontaneous breathing was evaluated on Reproducibility of heart rate and blood pressure variability parameters and baroreflex indices. Controlled breathing at 6 breaths per minute increased heart rate and blood pressure variability compared to spontaneous respiration, but did not improve reproducibility of autonomic parameters.
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