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Although the use of a prototype of the user interface of a software application early in the development cycle is a valuable tool in the design of a usable user interface, prototyping can be difficult to introduce into the development process. Furthermore, designers without experience in using a prototype can run into problems which counteract the value of this user interface design methodology. Designers with experience in a substantial prototyping effort have formulated guidelines for the use of prototyping which can help to minimize these problems.
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Melkus et al. (1988) studied this question.
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