Pulsed field electrophoresis in contour‐clamped homogeneous electric fields for the resolution of DNA by size or topology

The electrophoretic separation of DNA molecules can be controlled by the use of contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields (CHEF). This paper describes an improved CHEF apparatus with negligible distortion in the electric fields. When the electric field was periodically reoriented, DNA molecules up to 2 megabases were resolved in a highly uniform manner. Furthermore, when the field strength was changed with orientation, topological variations of conventional-sized DNA molecules were resolved.