Mitigation of amphotericin B nephrotoxicity by mannitol.

Renal transplant recipients are susceptible to a number of fungal infections amenable to therapy with amphotericin B, but azotaemia is an almost invariable sequel to the use of this agent. As intravenous mannitol has been shown to minimize nephrotoxicity induced by amphotericin B in dogs we treated four kidney transplant recipients who had systemic fungal infections with mannitol and amphotericin B. None showed significant reduction in renal function though a mild metabolic acidosis did develop.