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A novel method for realizing the desired light coupling of an optical directional coupler for 2×2 switching is presented. This method consists of loading a high-index film on one of the waveguides and reducing the light coupling to zero in the undesired coupling region. The operation principle was experimentally examined using Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides and Se-S–based chalcogenide glass film. The effective coupling length for the TE mode could be changed from 0 to 3L0 (L0 : 0-dB coupling length) by trimming the high-index strip.
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Mikami et al. (1979) studied this question.
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