Effect of Telmisartan and Quercetin in 5 Fluorouracil-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats

Figures

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  Figure 1. Effect of telmisartan and quercetin alone or in combination on (A) The change in the weight, (B) Relative weight; **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001, significantly different compared to the positive control group using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

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  Figure 2. Effect of telmisartan and quercetin alone or in combination on (A) Serum Urea, (B) Serum Creatinine, and (C) Serum Uric Acid; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001, significantly different compared to the positive control group using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

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  Figure 3. Effect of telmisartan and quercetin alone or in combination on (A) CRP, (B) NLR, (C) MLR, and (D) PLR; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001, significantly different compared to the positive control group using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

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  Figure 4. Effect of telmisartan and quercetin alone or in combination on (A) KIM-1, (B) NGAL, (C) Cystatin-C, and (D) TAOC; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, and ****p<0.0001, significantly different compared to the positive control group using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.

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  Figure 5. Photomicrograph of kidney from groups; (G1): Negative control group received (D.W), display no prominent lesions, apparent by distinctive renal glomeruli (RG), in addition, renal tubules (RT) show no significant lesions except for mild and non-significant cellular swelling. (G2): Positive control group received (D.W) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 150 mg/kg. Renal tubular epithelia show significant and severe vacuolar swelling (yellow arrows) evident by pale enlarged cytoplasm, together with the presence of a profound number of necrotic cells manifested by pycnotic nuclei and acidophilic cytoplasm. The section reveals interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells (IF), in addition to pycnotic nuclei within the renal glomerular endothelial cells (G3): Telmisartan 10 mg/kg and a single dose of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 150 mg/kg, express moderate cellular swelling within the renal tubular epithelia (yellow arrows) in addition to the presence of some vacuolar change inside the glomerular endothelial cells (RG). Moreover, the section shows mild eosinophilic hyaline cast (HC) within the tubular lumen. (G4): Quercetin (80 mg/kg) and a single dose of 5-FU 150 mg/kg, display significant…