Contribution of Autonomic Neuropathy to Reduced Plasma Adrenaline Responses to Hypoglycemia in IDDM: Evidence for a Nonselective Defect

17 IDDM patients (7 without diabetic autonomic neuropathy [DAN-] and 10 with DAN [DAN+], of whom 5 had and 5 did not have postural hypotension) and 8 nondiabetic subjects

Clamped hypoglycemia (steps from 5.0 to 2.2 mmol/l plasma glucose) and 30-min steady-state exercise at 55% V(O[2max])

Nondiabetic subjects and IDDM patients without DAN

Plasma adrenaline responses to hypoglycemia and exercisesurrogate