Systematic analysis of the burden of ischemic stroke attributable to high LDL-C from 1990 to 2021

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. AAPCs of the ASRs for Ischemic Stroke attributable to high LDL-C. (A) AAPCs of the ASMR for Ischemic Stroke attributable to high LDL-C in 21 regions and global. (B) AAPCs of the ASDR for Ischemic Stroke attributable to high LDL-C in 21 regions and global. ASR age-standardized rate, ASMR Age-Standardized Mortality Rate, ASDR age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rate, AAPC annual average percent change.

• 

  Figure 2. Age-standardized deaths and DALYs rate of ischemic stroke attributable to high LDL-C per 100,000 population in 2021, by country. (A) Age-standardized deaths rate; (B) Age-standardized DALYs rate. DALYs Disability-Adjusted Life Years.

• 

  Figure 3. ASMRs for ischemic stroke attributable to high LDL-C of 21 regions and 204 countries and territories by SDI. (A) ASMRs for ischemic stroke attributable to high LDL-C of 21 regions from 1990 to 2021 according to the SDI. (B) ASMRs for ischemic stroke attributable to high LDL-C of 204 countries and territories in 2021 according to the SDI. ASMR Age-Standardized Mortality Rate, SDI Socio-Demographic Index.

• 

  Figure 4. The age-standardized rates due to Ischemic Stroke attributable to high LDL-C during 1990–2021 by SDI. (A) The ASMR of Ischemic Stroke attributable to high LDL-C during 1990–2021 by SDI. (B) The ASDR of Ischemic Stroke attributable to high LDL-C during 1990–2021 by SDI. ASMR age-standardized deaths rate, ASDR age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rate, SDI Socio-Demographic Index.

• 

  Figure 5. Analysis of Age, Period, and Birth cohort effects on Ischemic Stroke attributable to high LDL cholesterol globally, focusing on the ASMR and ASDR. (A) Analysis of the ASMR on a Global scale. (B) Analysis of the ASDR on a Global scale. ASMR Age-Standardized Mortality Rate, ASDR Age-Standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Year Rate.

• 

  Figure 6. Slope Index of Inequality curves and Concentration Index curves for deaths and DALYs due to ischemic stroke attributable to high LDL cholesterol, 1990 and 2021. (A) Slope Index of Inequality curves for crude deaths rate of ischemic stroke. (B) Concentration Index curves for Deaths of ischemic stroke. (C) Slope Index of Inequality curves for crude DALYs rate of ischemic stroke. (D) Concentration Index curves for DALYs of ischemic stroke. DALYs Disability-Adjusted Life Years.

• 

  Figure 7. Frontier analysis based on age-standardized rates of deaths and DALYs for ischemic stroke attributable to high LDL cholesterol and the SDI over the decades (1990–2021), with a specific focus on 2021. (A,C) Illustrate the frontier analysis based on ASMR, ASDR, and SDI from 1990 to 2021. The color gradient transitions from light blue (1990) to dark blue (2021), with the black solid line delineating the boundary. (B,D) Present the frontier analysis for 2021 based on ASMR, ASDR, and SDI. The black solid line marks the boundary, while the dots represent countries and regions. The 15 countries and regions with the largest effective differences are highlighted in black. Countries with low SDI (<0.466) and lower effective differences are marked in blue, whereas those with high SDI (>0.810) and relatively high effective differences are marked in red. The red dots indicate a decrease in ASMR or ASDR, while blue dots signify an increase in ASMR or ASDR from 1990 to 2021. DALYs Disability-Adjusted Life Years, ASMR Age-Standardized Mortality Rate, ASDR Age-Standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Year Rate, SDI Socio-Demographic Index.

• 

  Figure 8. Prediction of the global disease burden for ischemic stroke attributable to high LDL cholesterol until 2036. (A) Prediction of the global disease burden for ischemic stroke attributable to high LDL cholesterol until 2036, based on ASMR. (B) Prediction of the global disease burden for ischemic stroke attributable to high LDL cholesterol until 2036, based on ASDR.