Microcatheter collateral channel tracking failure in retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion: incidence, predictors, and management

AIMS: This study sought to demonstrate the incidence, predictors, and management of microcatheter collateral channel (CC) tracking failure in retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospectively collected data from 371 consecutive retrograde CTO-PCI procedures between March 2015 and January 2018 were retrospectively analysed. The incidence of initial microcatheter CC tracking failure was 22.5% in 280 procedures with wire CC tracking success. For septal collaterals, CC grade 0-1 collaterals (odds ratio [OR]: 8.3; p<0.001), channel entry angle <90° (OR: 13.0; p=0.001), channel exit angle <90° (OR: 44.3; p=0.004), and Finecross MG as initial microcatheter (OR: 2.7; p=0.032) were independently related to initial microcatheter CC tracking failure. Meanwhile, the only predictor for epicardial collaterals was CC 1 collaterals (OR: 26.9; p<0.001). Frequently applied solutions included microcatheter switching (61.9%), and microcatheter switching combined with GUIDEZILLA (14.3%) or anchoring balloon technique (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Initial microcatheter CC tracking failure was found in nearly one quarter of procedures after wire CC tracking success. Independent angiographic predictors of initial microcatheter CC tracking failure included CC 0-1 collaterals, channel entry angle <90°, and channel exit angle <90° for septal collaterals, and CC 1 collaterals for epicardial collaterals.