Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism, genes and risk of cardiovascular disease

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Several lines of evidence suggest that postprandial lipemia increases the risk of atherogenesis, and in each of the systems involved in postprandial metabolism the roles of many genes have been explored in order to establish the possible implications of their variability in coronary heart disease risk. RECENT FINDINGS: This report focuses on recent results pertaining to postprandial lipoprotein metabolism and genes, their variability and their relationship with intermediate phenotypes and coronary heart disease. The postprandial lipid response was modified by polymorphisms within the genes for apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein CI, apolipoprotein CIII, apolipoprotein AIV, apolipoprotein AV, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, fatty acid-binding protein-2, the fatty acid transport proteins, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and scavenger receptor class B type I. We also discuss recent advances in the effects of gene regulation using knockdown animal models on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism. SUMMARY: The review discusses several of these factors as well as the potential impact of gene polymorphism on the variability of postprandial lipoprotein metabolism as intermediate phenotypes for coronary heart disease. The variability in postprandial lipid response is highly complex. Future studies will need to be large if they are to assess the effects of multiple polymorphisms.