Three-dimensional CMOL: three-dimensional integration of CMOS/nanomaterial hybrid digital circuits

The CMOS molecular (CMOL) circuit is a promising hybrid structure incorporating the nanowire crossbar into the CMOS integrated circuit (IC) implementation. In this letter, a novel three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the CMOL circuit is introduced. This structure eliminates the special pin requirement of the original CMOL designs, providing a feasible and efficient solution to build the practical CMOL circuits. In this 3D structure, the density of the nanowire crossbar is doubled. Such a high-density implementation enables the 3D CMOL technology to leap ahead of the IC roadmap by more than three generations.