Adverse cardiovascular outcomes between insulin-treated and non-insulin treated diabetic patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis

21,759 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients (6,250 insulin-treated and 15,509 non-insulin treated) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 21 studies (9 RCTs and 12 observational studies).

Insulin treatment

Non-insulin treatment (required or did not require oral hypoglycemic agents but did not receive insulin therapy)

Short-term (<1 year) and long-term (≥1 year) adverse cardiovascular outcomes including all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), major adverse cardiac effects (MACEs), and stent thrombosis.hard clinical