Artificial Intelligence in Teacher Professional Development (AI-TPD)

Teacher Professional Development has historically been a challenging field, with several requirements such as the personalisation of training to meet teachers’ specific needs. With the rapid advancement of AI, there is now potential that points toward innovative approaches to these challenges. This paper introduces the term AI-TPD to describe the use of AI technologies to support and enhance Teacher Professional Development. A Scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR checklist and guidelines to identify the state of research of AI-TPD, to detect what are its current applications, to address the main challenges and risks it faces, and to highlight the emerging trends and future directions. The review found that AI applications primarily focus on personalized learning paths, real-time feedback, instructional design support, and fostering teacher reflection and practice. Reported benefits include increased adaptability and responsiveness of Professional Development, while challenges centre on ethical concerns, data privacy, AI distrust, and readiness. Evidence also highlights that AI-TPD is in an exploratory phase with limited theoretical frameworks and long-term evidence. The results map current applications of how AI can be used to make Professional Development more responsive and relevant in diverse teaching contexts. Recommendations for further research to continue exploring AI-TPD are also provided.