Short communication proposes genetic and energetic pathways driving early-onset cancer, indicating novel insights into cancer development.
Early‑onset cancers are rising globally, yet classical genetic models cannot explain their rapid emergence in young individuals. This short communication proposes a dual‑pathway model of oncogenesis: (1) a genetic–mutational pathway, driven by long‑term DNA damage and inherited predispositions; and (2) an energetic–membrane pathway, driven by nano‑particle–induced membrane stress, Ca²⁺ influx, ATP collapse, and bifurcation into the Warburg metabolic attractor.
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Peter Mikuláš (2026) studied this question.
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