What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to enhance cancer immunotherapy by preventing macrophage polarity reversal in the tumor microenvironment.

Polysaccharide Nanocomposite Hydrogel Prevents the Polarity Reversal of β-Glucan-Activated Macrophages by Lactate Oxidase-Based Lactate Depletion for Enhanced Immunotherapy

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Randomized trial shows enhanced macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting improved cancer immunotherapy.

The research aims to enhance cancer immunotherapy by preventing macrophage polarity reversal in the tumor microenvironment.
Developed an injectable carboxymethyl chitosan/oxidized sodium alginate hydrogel with pH-responsive release properties.
Coloaded hydrogel with β-glucan and lactate oxidase to target tumor-associated macrophages.
Utilized controlled release of active agents under acidic conditions of the tumor microenvironment.
The hydrogel system effectively promoted M2 to M1 macrophage polarization.
β-glucan nanoparticles targeted TAMs via Dectin 1 receptor to facilitate phenotype conversion.
Lactate oxidase degraded lactate, preventing reversion of TAMs to M2 phenotype.

Li et al. (2026) studied this question.

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