Key result
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders that impair ventricular performance through either reduced ejection or impaired filling.
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Design
Review
Guides consistent HF diagnosis in practice; confirms established syndrome definition for research standardization.
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the performance of the ventricle: either to eject blood (systolic dysfunction) [or reduced ejection function] or to fill with blood (preserved ejection fraction or diastolic heart failure).
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James Ker (2010) studied this question. Heart failure is a clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders that impair ventricular performance through either reduced ejection or impaired filling.
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