Role of glomerular filtration rate‐modifying drugs in the development of anticoagulant‐related nephropathy

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Effects of dabigatran and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)‐modifying drugs on anticoagulation, blood pressure, and GFR in 5/6 nephrectomy rats. (a) changes in activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in 5/6 nephrectomy rats treated with 150 mg/kg/day dabigatran alone (n = 6) and with combination with enalapril (1.5 mg/kg/day) (n = 7) or albuterol (4.0 mg/kg/day) (n = 6). (b) changes in systolic blood pressure in 5/6 nephrectomy rats treated with 150 mg/kg/day dabigatran alone (n = 13) and with combination with enalapril (1.5 mg/kg/day) (n = 12) or albuterol (4 mg/kg/day) (n = 13). *p < .05 as compared to baseline (day 0 of the treatment). (c) changes in diastolic blood pressure in 5/6 nephrectomy rats treated with 150 mg/kg/day dabigatran alone (n = 13) and with combination with enalapril (1.5 mg/kg/day) (n = 12) or albuterol (4 mg/kg/day) (n = 13). *p < .05 as compared to baseline (day 0 of the treatment). (d) changes in the GFR in 5/6 nephrectomy rats treated for 7 days with 150 mg/kg/day dabigatran alone (n = 6) and with enalapril (1.5 mg/kg/day)/dabigatran (n = 5) or albuterol (4 mg/kg/day)/dabigatran (n = 5) or vehicle (n = 6). *p < .05 as compared to dabigatran alone.…

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  FIGURE 2. Effects of dabigatran and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)‐modifying drugs on kidney function and morphology. (a) changes in serum creatinine in 5/6 nephrectomy rats treated with 150 mg/kg/day dabigatran alone (n = 13) and with combination with enalapril (1.5 mg/kg/day) (n = 12) or albuterol (4 mg/kg/day) (n = 13). (b) changes in urine kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM‐1) in 5/6 nephrectomy rats treated with 150 mg/kg/day dabigatran alone (n = 8) and with combination with enalapril (1.5 mg/kg/day) (n = 8) or albuterol (4 mg/kg/day) (n = 8). *p < .05 as compared to baseline (day 0 of the treatment). (c) changes in hematuria in 5/6 nephrectomy rats treated with 150 mg/kg/day dabigatran alone (n = 13) and with combination with enalapril (1.5 mg/kg/day) (n = 12) or albuterol (4 mg/kg/day) (n = 13). (d) a representative image of the kidney from a 5/6 nephrectomy rat treated with 150 mg/kg/day dabigatran and 1.5 mg/kg/day enalapril for 7 days. Similar morphology (red blood cell casts) was seen in other treatment groups as well. Hematoxylin‐eosin stain, magnification ×200. Data prior to the ablative surgery (5/6 NE) and treatment (arrows) are shown in a–c