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November 1, 1996Pediatric Exercise Science

Effects of Training at a Young Age: A Review of the Training of Young Athletes (TOYA) Study

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Why the study?

Does intensive training at a young age negatively affect growth, development, or psychological well-being in young athletes?

Population

Young British athletes participating in gymnastics, soccer, swimming, and tennis

Design

Review

Authors

ABAdam Baxter‐JonesUniversity of SaskatchewanPHPeter J. HelmsUniversity of Aberdeen

Discussion

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Implication

May reassure on growth and injury risks in youth athletes; leaves open need for prospective trials on long-term outcomes.

Structured PICO

Does intensive training at a young age negatively affect growth, development, or psychological well-being in young athletes?

P
Population
Young British athletes participating in gymnastics, soccer, swimming, and tennis
I
Intervention
Intensive sports training at a young age
O
Outcome
Effects on sports injury, growth and development, psychological and psychosocial problems, and physiological functioning

Intensive training at a young age does not negatively impact growth or sexual development and offers significant social, psychological, and health benefits.

Cite This Study

Baxter‐Jones et al. (1996) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7945232eb3c7e469f374a4https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.8.4.310
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Long term sport involvement and sport injury rate in elite young athletes2005 · 61 citations
  2. 2Training Issues in Elite Young Athletes2004 · 8 citations
  3. 3Youth Athlete Development: Critical Insights on Training, Testing, and Specialization Pathways2025
  4. 4Medical and biological fundamentals of young athletes’ training2023 · 3 citations
  5. 5Sports injuries in children: should we be concerned?1997 · 24 citations