Systematic Review of Phosphodiesterase‐5 Inhibitor Use in Right Ventricular Failure Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Our aim was to identify relevant literature supporting the use of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors in patients with persistent pulmonary hypertension with signs of postprocedural right ventricular (RV) dysfunction following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. We searched MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science from inception through November 27, 2014 for citations evaluating patients with end-stage heart failure necessitating LVAD, continuous and pulsatile, who received a PDE5 inhibitor to prevent RV failure. Outcomes of interest included changes in mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, central venous pressure, cardiac index, and mean arterial pressure. Results are presented qualitatively. Four citations (n = 83 patients) were included. These included a single case report, two retrospective case series, and a prospective open-label study with a historical control. All four studies utilized the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil with various doses for up to 3 months. Sildenafil routinely reduced mean pulmonary artery pressures as soon as 90 min after administration. Reductions in pulmonary vascular resistance were also seen shortly after the procedure and maintained through 12-15 weeks. While one study saw improvements in postoperative central venous pressures, another did not. Evidence supporting PDE5 inhibitor use to attenuate RV failure in patients requiring an LVAD is weak.