Key result
Higher 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was independently associated with increased nighttime systolic (β=1.625, p=0.0026) and diastolic (β=1.066, p=0.0017) blood pressures, but not with casual or daytime blood pressures.
Why the study?
Does higher sodium intake correlate with increased ambulatory blood pressure in a middle-aged rural Korean population?
Cross-Sectional (n=148)
No
Does higher sodium intake correlate with increased ambulatory blood pressure in a middle-aged rural Korean population?
Higher sodium intake, measured by 24-hour urine excretion, is independently associated with elevated nighttime blood pressure, but not daytime or casual blood pressure, in a middle-aged rural Korean population.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Nighttime BP may be more sodium-sensitive than casual measures; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before guiding practice.
The relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure (BP) is affected by many factors such as absolute level of sodium intake, salt sensitivity, and the accuracy or the timing of the BP measurement. There is no epidemiologic study using both ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and 24-h urine sample in a middle-aged general population. In the rural area, Yeojoo County, Gyunggi Province in South Korea, 218 subjects with age between 30 and 59 years old were measured with ABPM and 24-h urine sample. ABPM device was TM2430, and the 24-h urine sample was collected using the aliquot cup. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) score was calculated by the sum of the number of abnormal criteria other than BP. For both ABPM and 24-h urine sample, 148 subject data was acceptable for the analysis by the creatinine equation and/or the completeness of collection. Age was 47.4 ± 8.3 years (range 30 to 59 years), and female was 85 (57.4%). In multiple linear regression analysis, sodium intake was not an independent factor for casual BPs and daytime BPs whereas sodium intake was an independent factor for nighttime systolic BP ( β = 1.625, p = 0.0026) and nighttime diastolic BP ( β = 1.066, p = 0.0017). When compared to the lowest quartiles of sodium intake, daytime diastolic BP and nighttime BPs were in the higher three quartile groups. Sodium intake was associated not with casual BPs and daytime BPs but with increased nighttime BPs in the middle-aged general population in Korea.
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Shin et al. (2014) conducted a cross-sectional in Blood pressure (n=148). 24-h urinary sodium excretion vs. Lower sodium excretion was evaluated on Nighttime systolic blood pressure (β = 1.625, p=0.0026). Higher 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was independently associated with increased nighttime systolic (β=1.625, p=0.0026) and diastolic (β=1.066, p=0.0017) blood pressures, but not with casual or daytime blood pressures.
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