Key result
Fermented Panax ginseng decreased triglycerides in high-fat diet-fed mice through increased apolipoprotein A4 expression, while nonfermented ginseng regulated hepatic lipogenic pathways.
Why the study?
Does fermented or nonfermented Panax ginseng improve hypertriglyceridemia in high-fat diet-fed mice?
Does fermented or nonfermented Panax ginseng improve hypertriglyceridemia in high-fat diet-fed mice?
Both nonfermented and fermented Panax ginseng improve hypertriglyceridemia in high-fat diet-fed mice through distinct mechanisms, suggesting potential for novel triglyceride-lowering therapies.
No immediate clinical implications; leaves open differential effects of fermented versus nonfermented ginseng on lipids in humans.
Panax ginseng ( P. ginseng C.A. Meyer, Araliaceae) is used as a therapeutic agent for various diseases. P. ginseng saponins, known as ginsenosides, are the main bioactive compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities. In this work, we have developed a new method of P. ginseng root processing termed solid-state fermentation and examined its effects compared with nonfermented P. ginseng . Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hyperlipidemia and then received 100 mg·kg bw −1 ·day −1 of fermented or nonfermented P. ginseng orally for 3 weeks. We assessed the activities of lipogenic pathways and lipid levels in the liver and plasma. The administration of either nonfermented or fermented P. ginseng improved hepatic lipid transfer protein profiles. Nonfermented P. ginseng exhibited significant effects on the regulation of lipid synthesis and oxidation. However, apolipoprotein A4 (apoA4) expression was increased by the administration of fermented P. ginseng . When ginsenosides were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the amounts of the ginsenosides, Rg 2 , Rc, Rh 1 ( S ), Rh 1 ( R ), and Rd, were increased by fermentation, with Rd becoming a major constituent of fermented P. ginseng . These findings imply that nonfermented P. ginseng improves hypertriglycemia in HFD-fed mice through regulation of the hepatic lipogenic pathway. In contrast, the effects of fermented P. ginseng were mediated through increased apoA4, leading to decreased triglycerides. The HPLC profiles of ginsenosides suggest that the compositional changes in P. ginseng caused by fermentation processing could be useful in the development of novel triglyceride-lowering therapies.
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Park et al. (2018) studied Hyperlipidemia / Hypertriglyceridemia. Fermented Panax ginseng vs. Nonfermented Panax ginseng was evaluated on Activities of lipogenic pathways and lipid levels in the liver and plasma. Fermented Panax ginseng decreased triglycerides in high-fat diet-fed mice through increased apolipoprotein A4 expression, while nonfermented ginseng regulated hepatic lipogenic pathways.
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