Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available regarding the presence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) assessed using polysomnography in patients hospitalized with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction after acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). We investigated the prevalence and clinical correlates of SDB in patients hospitalized with ADHF and LV systolic dysfunction. METHODS: Prospectively collected data from 105 consecutive patients with an LV ejection fraction < 50% who were hospitalized with ADHF from May 2012 to July 2014 were retrospectively assessed. Polysomnography was performed during the initial hospitalization after the initial improvement in ADHF acute signs and symptoms. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), including obstructive or central AHI, was computed as a severity of obstructive or central sleep apnea. Echocardiography and blood sampling for various parameters, such as B-type natriuretic peptide level, were performed systematically. RESULTS: The proportions of patients with an AHI ≥ 5 events per hour and those with an AHI ≥ 15 events per hour were 93% and 69%, respectively, and central sleep apnea was predominant (66% and 44%, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, only body mass index (BMI) was independently correlated with AHI, whereas age, BMI, and E/e' level were independently correlated with obstructive AHI. In addition, use of loop diuretics and E/e' level were independently correlated with central AHI. CONCLUSIONS: SDB determined using polysomnography was common in hospitalized patients with ADHF and LV systolic dysfunction. Age, BMI, and E/e' levels were significantly correlated with obstructive sleep apnea severity, whereas E/e' levels and use of loop diuretics were significantly correlated with central sleep apnea severity.