Key result
Dietary salt was positively associated with adverse health outcomes in most studies, though one study found an increased risk associated with lower sodium intake in patients with heart failure.
Why the study?
Does dietary salt intake affect health outcomes such as cardiovascular events and hypertension?
Systematic Review
Does dietary salt intake affect health outcomes such as cardiovascular events and hypertension?
This systematic review generally supports the positive association between dietary salt and adverse health outcomes, with a notable exception of potential harm from lower sodium intake in heart failure patients.
The purpose of this review was to identify, summarize, and critically appraise studies on dietary salt relating to health outcomes that were published from December 2015 to March 2016. The search strategy was adapted from a previous systematic review on dietary salt and health. Overall, 13 studies were included in the review: one study assessed cardiovascular events, nine studies assessed prevalence or incidence of blood pressure or hypertension, one study assessed kidney disease, and two studies assessed other health outcomes (obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease). Four studies were selected for detailed appraisal and commentary. One study met the minimum methodologic criteria and found an increased risk associated with lower sodium intake in patients with heart failure. All other studies identified in this review demonstrated positive associations between dietary salt and adverse health outcomes.
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Wong et al. (2017) conducted a systematic review in Adverse health outcomes. Dietary salt was evaluated on Health outcomes including cardiovascular events, hypertension, kidney disease, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dietary salt was positively associated with adverse health outcomes in most studies, though one study found an increased risk associated with lower sodium intake in patients with heart failure.
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