Why the study?
Are non-invasive methods (M-mode echocardiography, CO2 rebreathing, echo-Doppler) reliable for the clinical measurement of cardiac output?
Are non-invasive methods (M-mode echocardiography, CO2 rebreathing, echo-Doppler) reliable for the clinical measurement of cardiac output?
Echo-Doppler may be a more reliable non-invasive method for measuring cardiac output in population studies compared to M-mode echocardiography and CO2 rebreathing.
Echo-Doppler may suit population studies; leaves open reliability for individual clinical decisions.
In an assessment of non-invasive methods for the clinical measurement of cardiac output, both M-mode echocardiography and the CO2 rebreathing technique were found to be unreliable. However, the echo-Doppler method appeared for population studies.
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Stevo Julius (1990) studied this question.
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