Key result
Among hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with potential red flags for Fabry disease, only 46.7% underwent specific diagnostic testing, indicating a need to improve cardiologists' alertness.
Observational (n=811)
Yes
There is a significant gap in cardiologists' awareness and appropriate testing for Fabry disease among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with less than half of patients with red flags undergoing specific testing.
In adults, unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy is usually due to sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Fabry disease (FD) is rare but may mimic sarcomeric HCM, and has an adverse prognosis in the absence of specific treatment. We aimed to assess cardiologists’ awareness of FD based on data from the Portuguese Registry of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. A total of 811 index patients, aged 55 ± 16 years, 486 (59.9%) male, were included. Three groups were characterized: A – 128 patients, 74 (57.8%) male, with pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation(s) in sarcomeric genes; B – 234 patients, 146 (62.4%) male, with negative genetic testing; and C – 449 patients, 266 (59.2%) male, no genetic testing performed. The groups were compared in terms of whether FD was excluded in the registry. Potential red flags for FD were also analyzed and compared between groups. Patients in group A were younger and more frequently had familial HCM (A – 53.9% vs. B – 20.1% vs. C – 18.3%; p <0.001). FD was recorded as excluded in 217 (26.8%), similar in all groups; GLA gene testing was performed in only 50/217 patients (A – 48.6%, B – 25.7%, p = 0.019; C – 13.4%, p = 0.036 for B vs. C), mostly in women (p <0.001) in groups B and C. Alpha-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) activity was assessed in 39/217 (18%) patients, with no difference between groups, but more often in men (p = 0.005). Among patients with potential red flags for FD, only 46.7% underwent specific tests (GLA gene testing and/or α-Gal A activity). When GLA genotyping was performed no mutations were identified. There is a need to improve cardiologists’ alertness for the identification of FD among the Portuguese HCM population. Em adultos, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda inexplicada é geralmente devida a miocardiopatia hipertrófica sarcomérica (MH). A doença de Fabry (DF), rara, pode mimetizar MH e tem prognóstico adverso na ausência de tratamento específico. Avaliámos a perceção dos cardiologistas para DF com base no Registo Português de Miocardiopatia Hipertrófica. Incluímos 811 doentes-índice, 55 ± 16 anos, 486 (59,9%) homens (H). Caracterizámos três grupos: A-128 doentes, 74 (57,8%) H, com mutação patogénica/provavelmente patogénica em genes sarcoméricos; B-234 doentes, 146 (62,4%) H, com teste genético negativo; C-449 doentes, 266 (59,2%) H, sem teste genético efetuado. Os grupos foram comparados em relação à exclusão de DF, segundo a informação do registo. Sinais potenciais de alerta para DF foram também avaliados e comparados entre os três grupos. Os doentes do grupo A eram mais novos e tinham mais frequentemente MH familiar (A-53,9% versus B-20,1% versus C-18,3%; p<0,001). DF foi dada como excluída em 217 (26,8%) doentes, sem diferença entre grupos; sequenciação do gene GLA foi efetuada apenas em 50/217 doentes [A-48,6%, B-25,7%, p = 0,019; C-13,4%, p (B versus C) = 0,036], predominantemente em mulheres (p < 0,001) nos grupos B e C; atividade enzimática da α-Gal A foi avaliada em 39/217 (18%) doentes, sem diferença entre grupos, mas predominantemente em H (p = 0,005). Dos doentes com sinais potenciais de alerta para DF, apenas 46,7% foram submetidos a testes específicos (GLA e/ou α-Gal A). Quando o gene GLA foi estudado, o resultado foi negativo. É necessário melhorar a perceção dos cardiologistas para a identificação da DF na população portuguesa com MH.
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Brito et al. (2018) conducted an observational in Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=811). Fabry disease diagnostic testing was evaluated on Performance of specific tests (GLA gene testing and/or α-Gal A activity) among patients with potential red flags for Fabry disease. Among hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with potential red flags for Fabry disease, only 46.7% underwent specific diagnostic testing, indicating a need to improve cardiologists' alertness.
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