We describe a vector alkali–metal magnetometer that simultaneously and independently measures all three components of the magnetic field. Using a feedback system, the total field at the location of the magnetometer is kept near zero, suppressing the broadening due to spin-exchange collisions. The resonance linewidth and signal strength of the magnetometer compare favorably with two different scalar operation modes in which spin-exchange relaxation is only partially suppressed. Magnetic field sensitivity on the order of 1pT∕Hz is demonstrated in a laboratory environment without magnetic shields.
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Seltzer et al. (2004) studied this question.
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