Passivity and Decentralized Stability Conditions for Grid-Forming Converters

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We prove that the popular grid-forming control, i.e., dispatchable virtual oscillator control (dVOC), also termed complex droop control, exhibits output-feedback passivity in itslarge-signalmodel, featuring an explicit and physically meaningful passivity index. Using this passivity property, we derive decentralized stability conditions for thetransient stabilityof dVOC in multi-converter grid-connected systems, beyond prior small-signal stability results. The decentralized conditions are of practical significance, particularly for ensuring the transient stability of renewable power plants under grid disturbances.