Elevated cardiac troponin is not exclusive to acute coronary syndrome and must be interpreted in the clinical context of other potential cardiac and noncardiac causes.
Troponin elevation warrants full clinical correlation to avoid ACS misdiagnosis; confirms non-specificity and leaves open refined differential algorithms.
Elevated cardiac troponin levels often lead to a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, this finding may occur also in other conditions, both nonischemic and noncardiovascular, leading to an incorrect diagnosis of ACS and, sometimes, invasive tests. We describe various cardiovascular diseases other than ACS (heart failure, pulmonary embolism, etc.) and noncardiovascular diseases (renal failure, etc.) that may cause elevated troponin levels and give possible explanations and prognostic relevance for this rise.
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Gennaro et al. (2008) studied this question.
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