Key result
Extracranial and intracranial atherosclerosis share common risk factors but differ in pathogenesis, prevalence among different races, and diagnostic approaches, requiring tailored screening strategies.
This review outlines the pathogenesis, biomarkers, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic strategies for extra- and intracranial atherosclerosis.
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Hypothesis-generating review of atherosclerosis biomarkers; leaves open their role in clinical risk stratification.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of elastic and muscle-elastic type arteries, which occurs due to abnormal lipid and protein metabolism and is accompanied by the deposition of cholesterol and certain lipoprotein fractions in the lumen of blood vessels. The article discusses the history of atherosclerosis discovery, various theories of the development of atherosclerosis, main risk factors for the development of the disease. The main groups of biomarkers, their functions and specificity for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis are described, the diagnostic value of such methods as MR angiography, CT angiography and ultrasound is discussed. Different aspects of extra- and intracranial atherosclerosis are outlined. The main possibilities for developing therapeutic strategies to slow the progression and develop targeted therapy are considered, and the portrait of a patient with intracranial atherosclerosis, requiring screening, is described.
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Tanashyan et al. (2022) conducted a review in Atherosclerosis (extracranial and intracranial). Atherosclerosis (extracranial vs intracranial) was evaluated. Extracranial and intracranial atherosclerosis share common risk factors but differ in pathogenesis, prevalence among different races, and diagnostic approaches, requiring tailored screening strategies.
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