The impact of quality index and warranty on production systems with carbon prevention investment

Quality plays a crucial role in a company’s growth and profitability. It is the key indicator of the competition for customers in global markets. This study considers a manufacturing inventory system for non-deteriorating warranty-based products. The proposed model assumes a nonlinear relationship between customer demand and selling price, quality index, warranty period, and a linear relationship with time. The production cost depends on the product warranty and production rate. The carbon emission tax is taken as a linear function of time, while quality maintenance cost has a nonlinear relationship with the quality index of the product. Five metaheuristic algorithms, including the teaching-learning-based optimizer, the grey-wolf optimizer, the sparrow search algorithm, the artificial electric field algorithm, and the whale optimizer, are employed to produce a numerical solution to the optimization problem. The sensitivity analysis results show the impact of the selling price and warranty on the system’s optimal policy. The results also demonstrate the effects of the emission tax on optimal revenues. The study further reveals managerial implications and sustainable strategies for practicing manufacturing managers.