Risk factors indicating immune-related adverse events with combination chemotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and platinum agents in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective study

Purpose Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) ushered in a new era for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, they carry the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Recently, various studies have been conducted on the predictive factors for irAEs, but there are no reports focusing only on ICI plus platinum agents. The present study aimed to identify the risk factors for irAEs due to ICI combined with platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients, focusing only on the period of combined use. Methods This retrospective study included 315 NSCLC patients who started ICI combined with platinum-based chemotherapy treatment at 14 hospitals between December 2018 and March 2021. A logistic regression analysis was used to explore the predictive factors. Results A multivariate analysis revealed that squamous cell carcinoma ( P = 0.021; odds ratio [OR]: 2.30; 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.14–4.65), anti-programmed death 1 antibody (anti-PD-1) plus anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody (anti-CTLA-4) regimens ( P < 0.01; OR: 22.10; 95% Cl: 5.60–87.20), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte rate (NLR) < 3 ( P < 0.01; OR: 2.91; 95% Cl: 1.35–6.27) were independent predictive factors for irAEs occurrence. Conclusion Squamous cell carcinoma, anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 regimens, and NLR < 3 may be predictive factors for the occurrence of irAEs in patients with NSCLC due to ICI combined with platinum-based chemotherapy. By focusing on the potential risk of irAEs in patients with these factors, irAEs can be appropriately managed from an early stage.