Ga<inf>1-x</inf>Al<inf>x</inf>Sb avalanche photodiodes: Resonant impact ionization with very high ratio of ionization coefficients

The liquid-phase epitaxy and device fabrication of p-n and p-i-n Ga1-xAlxSb avalanche photodiodes is described. Breakdown voltages up to 95 V and dark currents of 10-4A/cm2have been obtained. With p-i-n diodes we have measured the impact ionization coefficients α (electrons) and β (holes) with different composition and temperature. A resonant enhancement of the hole ionization coefficient is found forx = 0.065(300 K) where the ratioβ/ values of 20. This effect is attributed to impact ionization initiated by holes from the split-off valence band: if the spin orbit splitting Δ is equal to the bandgap energy Eg, the threshold energy for hole initiated impact ionization reaches the smallest possible value (Eᵢ = Eg) and the ionization process occurs with zero momentum. This leads to a strong increase of β atΔ/Eg = 1. The experimentally determined dependence of ionization coefficients on threshold energy is compared with theoretical expectations.