Public Libraries and the Health and Wellbeing of Older People: A Multi-sited Ethnographic Study

Public libraries are increasingly recognised as community spaces that extend beyond information provision to support health and wellbeing. This multi-sited ethnographic study explored how adults aged 65 years and over engage with public library services in Wollongong, New South Wales, and how these engagements contribute to physical, mental and social wellbeing. Fieldwork was undertaken across four public library sites between April 2024 and February 2025 and included observation and interviews with 22 older library users. Inductive thematic analysis of fieldnotes identified three interrelated themes: community and connection; continuity and purpose; and being there for you. Findings show that regular library use provided older people with opportunities for social connection, reduced experiences of loneliness, and fostered a sense of belonging. Library visits also structured daily routines, encouraged incidental physical activity, and supported transitions associated with retirement, bereavement and ageing. Interactions with library staff were central to these experiences, offering practical assistance, digital support and emotional reassurance. The study highlights public libraries as accessible, trusted and cos-free settings that support healthy ageing through everyday practices. Recognising and protecting the relational and social dimensions of library work has implications for service design, staffing and advocacy, positioning public libraries as essential community infrastructure in ageing societies.