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August 12, 2026BMC MedicineOpen Access

Single-cell immune landscape of cerebrospinal fluid in non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis

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Authors

ZJZai-Jie JiangYWYuan‐Yuan WangYPYu-Ying Pan

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Overview

Randomized trial reveals immune response differences in cryptococcal meningitis patients, indicating potential treatment implications.

Key Points

  • The aim is to understand the immune landscape in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cryptococcal meningitis.
  • Conducted single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor sequencing on human CSF samples.
  • Included samples from five patients with untreated and treated cryptococcal meningitis and eight control patients.
  • All participants were confirmed HIV-negative.
  • Observed increased activation of macrophages in untreated cryptococcal meningitis patients.
  • Found expanded exhausted CD4 + Temra_KLRB1 cells in untreated patients, with treatment leading to alleviation.
  • Revealed upregulation of CCR5 and its ligands in CD4 + Temra_KLRB1 cells, correlating with CSF leukocyte counts.

Cite This Study

Jiang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7c208206a85aed514b7437https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05142-x
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Severe CSF immune cell alterations in cryptococcal meningitis gradually resolve during antifungal therapy2024 · 5 citations
  2. 2Cytokine dynamics in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of HIV/AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis receiving antifungal therapy2025
  3. 3Impact of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leukocyte Infiltration and Neuroimmmune Mediators on Survival with HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis2024
  4. 4Cerebrospinal Fluid Mononuclear Cell Phenotype and Activation Predictors of 2-week and 1-year survival among Persons with HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis2025
  5. 5Research progress on immunometabolism and gut microbiota in cryptococcal meningitis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.2025 · 4 citations