Key result
EV-A71 infection induced neutralizing antibody titers that peaked at 2417 (95% CI 1859-3143) at day 13 and remained above 1240 for up to 26 months.
Why the study?
Kinetics of the neutralising antibody response in EV-A71 infected hand, foot, and mouth disease patients remained unclear, and the ideal sampling time for serological diagnosis was not well defined.
Cohort (n=264)
No
EV-A71 infection induces a strong and persistent humoral immune response, indicating that for serological diagnosis, acute phase serum should be collected at 0-4 days and convalescent serum at approximately 15 days.
EV-A71 infection may confer durable humoral immunity; leaves open translation to vaccine strategies.
BACKGROUND: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) poses a serious threat to children's health. Kinetics of the neutralising antibody (NAb) response in EV-A71 infected HFMD patients remains unclear. The ideal sampling time of paired serum samples for serological diagnosis of EV-A71 infection is not well defined. METHODS: HFMD inpatients admitted to Henan Children's Hospital between February 15, 2017 and February 15, 2018 were enrolled. Serial serum samples collected during hospitalisation and up to 1.5 years after discharge were tested for NAb against EV-A71. Random intercept modelling with B-spline was conducted to characterize the kinetics of the EV-A71 NAb response over time after illness onset. FINDINGS: A total of 524 serum samples from 264 EV-A71 RNA positive HFMD inpatients were collected. NAb titres of EV-A71 infected patients were estimated to increase from 40 (95% CI: 9-180) at the day of onset to the peak of 2417 (95% CI: 1859-3143) at day 13, then remained above 1240 until 26 months. For serological diagnosis of EV-A71 infection, if at least a 4-fold rise in titre was used as the criteria, the acute phase serum should be collected at 0-4 days, the corresponding convalescent serum should be collected 14.9 days (95% CI: 9.1-23.8) after illness onset. INTERPRETATION: EV-A71 infection induced a strong and persistent humoral immune response in HFMD patients. The findings provide a scientific support for determining the collection time of paired serum samples for serological diagnosis of EV-A71 infected HFMD patients. FUNDING: National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars.
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Qiu et al. (2021) conducted a cohort in Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by EV-A71 (n=264). EV-A71 infection was evaluated on Kinetics of the EV-A71 neutralising antibody response over time. EV-A71 infection induced neutralizing antibody titers that peaked at 2417 (95% CI 1859-3143) at day 13 and remained above 1240 for up to 26 months.
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