Hemodynamic Findings During Sinus Rhythm, Atrial and AV Sequential Pacing Compared to Ventricular Pacing In a Dog Model

17 anesthetized dogs with intact AV conduction and normally compliant hearts

Atrial pacing (AP) and atrioventricular sequential pacing (AVP) at fixed rates above the control sinus rate

Ventricular pacing (VP) and sinus rhythm (SR)

Hemodynamic responses including pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), mean aortic pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), left ventricular stroke work index (SWI), and mean systolic ejection rate (MSER)surrogate