Association of metabolic comorbidity with myocardial infarction in individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: The association between metabolic comorbidity and myocardial infarction (MI) among individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is yet to be elucidated. We aimed to examine the combined effects of metabolic comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, with a family history of CVD in first-degree on the risk of incident MI. METHODS: This cohort study consisted of 81,803 participants aged 40-89 years without a previous history of MI at baseline from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MI and early-onset MI risk associated with metabolic comorbidity in individuals with a family history of CVD. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 5 years, 1,075 and 479 cases of total and early-onset MI were reported, respectively. According to the disease score, among individuals who had a positive family history of CVD, the HRs for MI were 1.92 (95% CI: 1.47-2.51) in individuals with one disease, 2.75 (95% CI: 2.09-3.61) in those with two diseases, and 3.74 (95% CI: 2.45-5.71) in those with three diseases at baseline compared to individuals without a family history of CVD and metabolic diseases. Similarly, an increase of the disease score among individuals with a positive family history of CVD was associated with an increase in early-onset MI risk. CONCLUSION: Metabolic comorbidity was significantly associated with an increased risk of MI among individuals with a family history of CVD.