Roles of Non-Coding RNA in Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: A Narrative Review

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. A summary of the relationship between non-coding RNA and AIC. Non-coding RNAs, comprising lncRNA, miRNA, and circRNA, are pivotal in regulating cardiac metabolism, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, emerging as key targets for AIC prevention and treatment.

• 

  Figure 2. miRNA anthracyclines cardiotoxicity oxidative stress pathway. Anthracyclines regulate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by affecting multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) such as MiR-152, MiR-140-5p, MiR-200a, MiR-24-3P, MiR-375, MiR-143, and MiR-128-3P. These miRNAs, in turn, modulate the expression of key proteins like Keap1, Nrf2, GSH, PDK1, AKT, and PPAR-γ, thereby influencing ROS levels and impacting cellular oxidative stress responses.

• 

  Figure 3. miRNA anthracyclines cardiotoxicity apoptosis pathway. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes involve multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) such as MiR-495-3p, MiR-25, MiR-15b-5p, MiR-208a, MiR-34a, MiR-200a-3P, MiR-21, MiR-432-5P, MiR-30, MiR-133b, and MiR-23a, which regulate key signaling molecules like PETN, Bmpr1a, GATA4, Bcl-2, NF-κB, P53/P16, SIRT1, BTG2, RTN3, PTBP1/TAGLN2, and PGC-α, further affecting oxidative stress and apoptosis processes.

• 

  Figure 4. Involvement of lncRNA in the pathogenesis of AIC. Anthracyclines regulate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis processes in cardiomyocytes by affecting the interactions between long non-coding RNAs (InRNA-P21, InRNA NORAD, InRNA PVT1, InRNA RMRP, InRNA 00339, InRNA Miat) and microRNAs (MiR-187-3P, MiR-484, and MiR-129-1-3p), and through various signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, AGO1, P53, Apaf-1), collectively modulating the oxidative stress response and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.

• 

  Figure 5. Involvement of circRNA in the pathogenesis of AIC. Anthracyclines affect the interaction between miRNAs (MiR-143, MiR-31-5p, MiR-1303, MiR-409-3p, MiR-107, and MiR-135a-5p) and their corresponding circRNAs (circ-0006332, circ-Pan3, circ-SKA3, circ-0001312, circ-LTBP1, and circ-Arhgap12), thereby influencing signaling pathways such as TLR2, TLR4, HMGB1, and QKI to promote or inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn affects the processes of apoptosis and pyroptosis in cells.