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June 13, 2025Translational PsychiatryOpen Access

Identified two distinct MDD subtypes with comparable clinical severity but opposing patterns of multilevel functional deviations (e.g., subtype 1 showed positive deviations in frontoparietal and default mode networks, while subtype 2 exhibited a contrasting pattern).

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Why the study?

Major depressive disorder is characterized by clinical and biological heterogeneity, and distinct neurophysiological mechanisms may underlie comparable clinical symptoms.

Population

2428 participants (1128 healthy controls, 1300 MDD) plus an independent validation cohort of 72 participants

Comparison

MDD participants vs healthy controls

Design

Multi-site normative modeling and validation study

Authors

QLQi LiuXZXinqi ZhouCLChunmei Lan

Discussion

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Member takes

Overview

Two MDD subtypes exhibit opposing multilevel FC deviations despite similar symptoms; leaves open whether subtypes inform personalized interventions.

Structured PICO

P
Population
2428 participants in discovery dataset (1300 MDD, 1128 healthy controls) and 72 in validation dataset (37 MDD, 35 healthy controls) from China. After exclusions, Dataset 1 comprised 830 MDD patients and 765 HCs, and Dataset 2 included 27 MDD patients and 31 HCs.
C
Comparator
Healthy controls
O
Outcome
Multilevel functional connectivity deviations and identification of MDD subtypessurrogate

MDD exhibits significant neurobiological heterogeneity with at least two distinct functional connectivity subtypes, highlighting the potential need for personalized, subtype-specific interventions.

Cite This Study

Liu et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7ceed9f0975b08aea5658fhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03413-4
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Heterogeneity of brain functional connectivity, transcriptome, and neurotransmitter profiles in major depressive disorder2025 · 1 citations
  2. 2Functional Connectivity Subtypes in Major Depressive Disorder: Insights Into Connection Patterns and Neurobiological Mechanisms2025
  3. 3Brain contrastive modeling reveals depression subtypes with distinct treatment response and progression2026
  4. 4Identifying neurophenotypes of major depressive disorder through normative model of regional homogeneity2026 · 1 citations
  5. 5Functional connectivity subtypes of MDD and their associations with gene expression profile, neurotransmitter, and cognition2024