Imaging in Infective Endocarditis—Current Opinions and Trends in Cardiac Computed Tomography

Figures

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  Figure 1. Differences in the role of cardiac CT from previous to the current ESC Guidelines.

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  Figure 2. IE of fused bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) in young male patient (Image 1), with fused right and left coronary cusps (Image 2 and Image 7, yellow arrow) and non-coronary cusp (Image 2 and Image 9, orange arrow), with aneurysm development at its bottom (Image 3, Image 6, and Image 8, green arrow). There is uniform thickening of aneurysm, with small vegetation (Image 4 and Image 5, blue arrow).

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  Figure 3. Valvular lesions of IE of mitral valve. There is vegetation arising from free margin of posterior leaflet (Image 1a and Image 1b, blue arrow), aneurysm of anterior leaflet in A2 segment (Image 2a and Image 2b, green arrow) and perforation of aneurysm on the field of prolaps of P2 segment of posterior leaflet (Image 3a and Image 3b, purple arrow).

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  Figure 4. IE of artificial aortic valve and graft after Bentall procedure. There is asymmetric hypodense thickening around valve and graft in three-chamber view (Image 1, yellow arrow), curved planar reformation (Image 2, yellow arrow), and trans-axial images (Image 3a–f, yellow arrow).

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  Figure 5. Multivalvular left-sided PVE. Around artificial aortic valve there is pseudoaneurysm abutting its entire circumference (Image 1, Image 2, and Image 7, green arrow), with development of two fistula between aorta and left ventricle, through left coronary sinus (Image 1, Image 3 and Image 7, blue arrow) and aortomitral fibrosis (Image 1, Image 2, Image 3 and Image 7, purple arrow). There is abscess towards right ventricle outflow tract (Image 1, yellow arrow) and right fibrous trigonum (Image 4, Image 5, and Image 8, yellow arrow), with development of pseudoaneurysm around artificial mitral valve in left ventricle outflow tract (Image 6, Image 8, and Image 9, red arrow). At the tip of the artificial mitral valve, there is vegetation toward left atrium (Image 4, orange arrow).

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  Figure 6. Systemic dissemination of infective endocarditis. Multiple lung abscesses in form of consolidation (Image 1a and 1b, yellow arrow), partial cavitation (Image 2a and Image 2b, orange arrow), and cavitation with fluid level (Image 3a and Image 3b, red arrow). Spleen abscess (Image 4, green arrow) and two infarcts (Image 5, blue arrow). Abscess of left kidney (Image 6, purple arrow). Spondylodiscitis with loss of intervertebral space and erosion of end-plates of vertebral bodies L4 and L5 (Image 7, pink arrow).