The potential of cystatin C as a predictive biomarker in pulmonary hypertension

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Receiver operator curves for parameters and eGFR derived from different equations. CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration; Cr, creatinine; Cys, cystatin C; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate measured in ml/min per 1.73 m2; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease. Depicts the receiver operator curves illustrating the performance of cystatin C, creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate derived from different equations

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  Fig. 2. Relationship between cystatin C and disease severity. A Correlation (Spearman) with cardiac index, B Correlation (Spearman) with TAPSE, C Correlation (Spearman) with SvO2, D Cystatin C in different WHO-FC (***P < 0.001), E NT-proBNP (stratified by tertile) and cystatin C (***P < 0.001), F Swedish/COMPERA risk stratification and cystatin C. CI, cardiac index; COMPERA, Comparative, Prospective Registry of Newly Initiated Therapies for Pulmonary Hypertension; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; SvO2, mixed venous oxygen saturation; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; WHO-FC, World Health Organization functional class. Presents the relationship between cystatin C levels and disease severity in the context of hemodynamic status, functional class, NT-proBNP and risk stratification

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  Fig. 3. Kaplan–Meier analysis for the probability of endpoint events. A Patients stratified by the cystatin C cut-off; B Patients stratified by the Swedish/COMPERA risk model; C Patients stratified by the combination of cystatin C and World Health Organization functional class. Presents the Kaplan–Meier analysis, which illustrates the probability of endpoint events stratified by cystatin C cut-off (1.0 mg/L), Swedish/COMPERA risk model and the combination of cystatin C and WHO-FC

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  Fig. 4. Area under the curve for clinical worsening using the Swedish/COMPERA and the non-invasive risk stratification strategy. COMPERA, Comparative, Prospective Registry of Newly Initiated Therapies for Pulmonary Hypertension. DeLong test pairwise comparison: Non-invasive model vs. Swedish/COMPERA: Area under the curve 0.657 vs 0.643, P = 0.619. Showcases the area under the curve analysis for clinical worsening, comparing the predictive capacity of Swedish/COMPERA risk stratification strategy with a non-invasive risk stratification model