Doppler Ultrasound Assessment of Smoking-Induced Hemodynamic Alterations in the Common Carotid Artery

Introduction: Vascular conditions, particularly those involving the common carotid artery, are increasingly associated with tobacco use. Smoking raises fibrinogen levels and platelet production, increasing blood viscosity and the risk of clotting. Nicotine also promotes atherosclerosis and arterial narrowing, disrupting blood flow and raising the risk of stroke or heart attack. Purpose: This study investigates the effects of smoking on carotid artery blood flow. Methods: A quantitative descriptive analysis was conducted on 39 individuals (smokers and nonsmokers), averaging 30 years of age. Carotid arteries were examined using B-mode and Doppler sonography with a 7-MHz linear transducer, following standard techniques. Participants also completed a detailed medical history survey. Key measurements included arterial narrowing, wall thickness, and blood flow velocity. Results: Significant differences were observed between smokers and nonsmokers, with smokers showing higher rates of vascular changes. Notably, the right and left common and internal carotid arteries (RCCA, RICA, LCCA, LICA) exhibited signs of altered blood flow. Atherosclerosis indicators were found in 28% of smokers. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a strong link between tobacco use and plaque buildup in the carotid artery, along with noticeable changes in blood flow. These findings highlight the urgent need to raise awareness about the cardiovascular dangers of smoking.