WOAkMedoids is an R package that applies the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to k-medoids clustering. The theoretical framework has been published separately, but the original pure-R implementation was too slow for practical use. Version 0.2.2 reimplements performance-critical routines in C++ via Rcpp and RcppParallel, achieving speedups of 100 × to 190 000 × over the pure-R baseline. The package accepts precomputed distance matrices, supports early stopping, and is available on CRAN under the GPL-2+ license.
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Huang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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