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August 13, 2026International journal of human movement and sports sciencesOpen Access

Developing a Multilateral and Movement Concept–Based Instructional Model for Freestyle Swimming

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Implication

Randomized trial shows improved swimming skills in elementary students, highlighting effective teaching methods.

Key Points

  • The aim is to develop and assess a swimming instructional model for elementary students using a multilateral approach and movement concepts.
  • Research and Development (R&D) method with eight stages including product design and revision.
  • Participants included 30 elementary school students aged 9–11 from two public schools in Medan, Indonesia.
  • Intervention conducted over eight weeks with two 60-minute sessions per week.
  • Mean performance score improved from 62.40 ± 8.15 (pre-test) to 78.90 ± 7.30 (post-test), p < 0.05.
  • Expert validation scores increased from 48–52.5% to 86.5–92.5% after revision.
  • Student evaluation improved from 70.5% in small-scale trial to 80.1% in large-scale trial.

Cite This Study

A 2026 study studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7d75d82b0e0cff3f63ec33https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2026.140503
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Innovative Swimming Activities: Enhancing Self-Confidence, Safety, and Motor Development in Young Children2025
  2. 2Strategies for improving student swimming skills using training methods and media2024 · 1 citations
  3. 3An integrated pedagogical model for swimming education: effects of problem-based, project-based, digital learning, and peer assessment2025
  4. 4Developing a Swimming Training Program to Improve Swimming Skills in Lishui City, the People’s Republic of China2025
  5. 5Analysis of swimming teaching programs, aquatic competencies and specific skills in school settings from early childhood to secondary education: A systematic review2026