From Gen Z to boomers: Generational differences and sociodemographic predictors of ageism in Spain

Ageism remains a pervasive social issue, influenced by sociocultural and generational factors. This study aimed to analyze negative stereotypes toward aging across different generations in Spain and to examine the role of sociodemographic variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample distributed across four generational cohorts. Participants completed the CENVE questionnaire to assess negative stereotypes toward aging. Group comparisons and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results showed significant differences by gender, generation, and educational level. Higher education emerged as the strongest protective factor against ageist attitudes, while Baby Boomers displayed fewer negative stereotypes compared to younger generations. Employment status and cohabitation did not show a clear independent effect when controlling for other variables. These findings highlight the importance of education and sociocultural factors in understanding ageism and support the need for educational and intergenerational strategies aimed at reducing negative stereotypes toward aging.